An adult and two juvenile Masai giraffes sprint across the savannah after one is darted with a tranquilizer from a helicopter during an exercise to translocate large herbivores from Kedong Ranch due to land subdivisions and corralling that have disrupted wildlife migratory routes in Naivasha, Nakuru County, on November 16, 2025. Photo by Tony Karumba/ AFP
Naivasha, Kenya: Coaxed and tugged by rangers, a blindfolded giraffe totters into the specialised vehicle that will transport it away from an increasingly hostile environment to a new home in Kenya's eastern Rift Valley.
Such relocations are a last resort when human activities or climate change threaten the survival of wildlife or peaceful coexistence with humans, say conservationists.
But the complex operations, overseen by Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), are becoming more and more frequent in the east African country.
An adult female Masai Giraffe is safely immobilized on the ground by Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) rangers after it was darted with a tranquilizer dart from a helicopter during an exercise to translocate large herbivores from Kedong ranch in the wake of land subdivisions and corralling on the ranch that has interfered with wildlife migratory routes in Naivasha, Nakuru county on November 16, 2025. Driven by two long ropes held by about twenty rangers, the blindfolded giraffe enters a tall trailer that is to transport it out of its natural habitat in the Rift Valley, which is deteriorating after having been resold. This is the first step in a meticulous relocation operation in the vast Kedong ranch, part of an ancestral corridor between Mount Longonot and Hell's Gate Park, near the iconic Lake Naivasha. Photo by Tony KarumbaA / AFP
In recent weeks, hundreds of giraffes, zebras, and antelopes have been removed from the Kedong Ranch, on the shores of tourist hotspot Lake Naivasha.
The land had been left in its natural state, but over the years has been sold and subdivided into plots for real estate development, preventing the animals from grazing or using the natural corridor between Mount Longonot and Hells Gate.
"The animals began to suffer. They were stranded, stressed," said KWS's Patrick Wambugu, describing the construction of fences blocking the giraffes' route.
On Sunday, Wambugu's team relocated five giraffes in an operation that required dozens of people, trailers, a plow -- and even a helicopter that tracked the animals across the plains, before shooting them with tranquiliser darts.
KWS veterinarian Dominic Mijele, who was part of the operation, told AFP the giraffe is the most difficult animal to move, the risks "numerous".
The long-limbed creatures face deadly falls after being tranquilised and, despite their gentle appearance, can deliver a fierce kick to those trying to help.
They are also highly sensitive to anaesthesia and so cannot be kept sedated for long, a result of their unique build -- "the heart to the brain is quite long," Mijele explained.
As such, the rangers have to physically immobilise the creatures before they can be blindfolded and transported.
Once secured, the convoy travels the roughly 30 kilometres separating the ranch from their new home in the Oserengoni private reserve.
Once in there, a veterinarian will observe them for a week, although they usually establish their territory within two days.
"We hope that in the coming years the numbers will multiply, and they will be able to thrive in this landscape," said Mijele.
Dilemma
Similar operations are carried out almost every month in Kenya, said Mijele, mainly due to environmental destruction.
However, human-wildlife conflicts are also on the rise.
Kenya's population has soared from 30 million in 2000 to roughly 56.4 million in 2024, according to the World Bank.
Land privatisation is common and goes hand-in-hand with rampant speculation.
Adult Masai giraffes are transported through an urban center on the back of a truck by Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) rangers during an exercise to translocate large herbivores from Kedong Ranch following land subdivisions and corralling on the ranch that have disrupted wildlife migratory routes in Naivasha, Nakuru County, on November 16, 2025. Driven by two long ropes held by about twenty rangers, the blindfolded giraffe enters a tall trailer that is to transport it out of its natural habitat in the Rift Valley, which is deteriorating after having been resold. This is the first step in a meticulous relocation operation in the vast Kedong ranch, part of an ancestral corridor between Mount Longonot and Hell's Gate Park, near the iconic Lake Naivasha. (Photo by Tony KARUMBA / AFP)
Humans often settle in areas that are also refuges for wildlife, said Evan Mkala, programme manager in eastern Kenya for the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW).
The area around Lake Naivasha is being "invaded" by people, he said bluntly, leading to costly relocations when a "critical point" is reached.
This is happening with increasing frequency.
In a country with hundreds of national parks and private reserves, which generate significant tourism revenue, the challenge is to "reconcile" population growth, economic development, and wildlife conservation, said Philip Muruthi, vice president of the African Wildlife Foundation.
"Africa doesn't have to choose between wildlife conservation, nature protection, and development," he said, underscoring that the well-being of humans and animals is "inseparable".
